Most interesting video ever created. I don't know what I mispronounced but I definitely mispronounced something. Also Junferno's face is not in this video as much due to him falling into a state of anguish mid-recording (he was busy).
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Corrections: - [Visual error at 6:02] Ultrecht should be Utrecht - [Visual error at 10:32] Shortest path from A to C should be ADC, yielding a distance of 1+7=8, making the total distance from A to C to E: 8+12=20
Footnotes: - Other prominent online judges similar to Codeforces/DMOJ include AtCoder, Leetcode (mostly technical interview-type questions), Codechef, and TopCoder. CSES is an online judge focused on a single problemset. Advent of Code is a Christmas-themed daily programming challenge run annually in December in which only the output of the test cases has to be submitted as opposed to the solution code. Google Foobar is a secret Google programming challenge meant to be a recruiting technique targeted towards Google Search users who use keywords related to coding. - The technical term for a network of nodes is a graph. Algorithms dealing with such graphs are categorised as graph theory algorithms. Nodes are connected by edges which may or may not have weights. A directed graph is a graph in which the edges only go one way. An acyclic graph is a graph which contains no cycles. - A queue is different from a list in that it is not indexable, but rather just serves the element at the top when polled. A priority queue serves the element with the highest priority (usually implemented with heap). It does not actually sort itself but the elements will come out sorted. The queue is sometimes referred to as a list in this video. This is meant to mean a sequence of elements and not the list data structure that exists in some languages. - The preferred language for most competitive programming is C++, though other languages are also used. Java, for example, is often used alongside a rewrite of the input reader class, as the built-in Scanner is too slow.
References: For the absence of a bibliography I offer neither explanation nor apology. -- Edsger W. Dijkstra